Creed
Hadith 14 of 42
Title
The sanctity of Muslim blood
Arabic
لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ: الثَّيِّبُ الزَّانِي، وَالنَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَالتَّارِكُ لِدِينِهِ الْمُفَارِقُ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ.
Translation
The blood of a Muslim is not lawful except in one of three cases: a married person who commits adultery, a life for a life, and one who abandons his religion and splits from the community.
Narrator
ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd
Source
Bukhārī 6878 · Muslim 1676
Commentary
The three are strictly circumscribed capital offences, never vigilante matters — all require a lawful ruler and due process. Nawawī cites this to show how protected the Muslim's life is: the default is sanctity, the exceptions are narrow.