Inheritance
ميراث
فرائض
Farāʾiḍ
Definition
The Qur'anically fixed inheritance shares — 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6.
Example
A husband gets 1/2 if his wife leaves no children, and 1/4 if she does; a mother gets 1/6 if there are children, and 1/3 otherwise.
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See also
Mīrāth
Islamic inheritance — a fixed distribution of the estate to legal heirs, mostly detailed in Sūrat an-Nisāʾ.
ʿAṣabah
Residual heirs — those who inherit what remains after the fixed shares are paid, typically male agnatic relatives.
ʿAwl
Proportional reduction of shares when the total of fixed shares exceeds the estate.
Radd
Return — increasing the fixed-shareholders' shares proportionally when the total of fixed shares is less than the estate and there is no ʿaṣabah.
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