Fiqh
فقه
فرض
Farḍ
Definition
Obligatory — its performance is rewarded and its abandonment is sinful.
Example
The five daily ṣalāh, fasting Ramadan, and zakāh on the wealthy are farḍ. In the Ḥanafī school, farḍ is the stronger grade proved by definitive evidence; wājib the slightly lower.
See also
Wājib
Obligatory — in most schools synonymous with farḍ; in the Ḥanafī school a slightly weaker obligation.
Sunnah (as ruling)
A ruling: the legal grade for deeds the Prophet ﷺ did regularly — rewarded if done, not sinful if omitted.
Mustaḥabb
Recommended — rewarded if performed, no sin if left. Weaker than sunnah.
Makrūh
Disliked — rewarded if avoided, not sinful if done. Makrūh taḥrīmī (Ḥanafī) is close to ḥarām.
Ḥarām
Forbidden — its abandonment is rewarded and its commission is sinful.
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